Question

What is the cause for dispersion of light?

Answer 1

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When light passes through a material medium, the loosely bound electrons start vibrating under the effect of oscillating electric field of the electromagnetic weaves. In other words, we have oscillating electric dipoles due to passage of light in a material medium.

The frequency of oscillating dipoles is the same as that of incident light. The phase of these oscillations depends on the difference between incident and natural frequency of atomic electron.

The oscillating dipoles ,now, act as secondary wave source . The secondary waves experience negligible scattering in lateral direction in the medium, but waves traveling in the forward direction superimpose on primary waves. The resultant vibrations depend on the phase  for the dispersion of light.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Dispersion of light is caused by the change of speed of light ray (resulting in angle of deviation) of each wavelength by a different amount. The dispersion of a light wave by a prism is shown in the diagram. Each color has its own wavelength and frequency, so we see different colors for the same white light.