What is the cause of random motion of electrons in metal?
Answers
Most free electrons are formed with low kinetic energy, and they simply diffuse through the gas, taking part in the random thermal motion of all the atoms. Some free electrons are formed with enough kinetic energy to cause additional excitation and ionization.
Most metals have fewer electrons in their outermost shells, while some have no electrons in their outermost shell.
It means that metals have decentralized valance electrons allowing it to move freely.
In the case of metal bonds, the electrons wander around.
When metals are next to each other, the valence electrons don’t just stay on their atom, instead they roam around.
They float freely similar to water molecule floating in the seam, and that’s why it is called an electron sea model.