Question

what is the characteristic features of metacentric and telocentric chromosomes?

Answer 1

Metacentric. These are X-shapedchromosomes, with the centromere in the middle so that the two arms of thechromosomes are almost equal. Achromosome is metacentric if its two arms are roughly equal in length. In a normal human karyotype, fivechromosomes are consideredmetacentric: chromosomes 1, 3, 16, 19, and 20.
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Answer 2

This is the case in which the centromere lies approximately in the middle of the chromosome. This makes the arms have an identical length. Chromosomes 1, 3, 19 and 20 found in humans are metacentric.

The X chromosome or chromosome 23 is also part of this group.


Telocentricos

These chromosomes, although they are eukaryotes, are not part of human cells. There are debates on how this chromosome should be called because of the telomer and the centromere.

Calling it telocentric, implies that the centromere is located at the end of the chromosome. However, if this were so, there would be chromosomal instability since the P arms would not exist.

However, the arms P if they exist, only that the centromere is so near its end that almost can not be noticed.

Therefore, it is recommended to call it a subtelocentric chromosome. Despite this explanation, the term telocentric is widely used.

This type of chromosomes can be found in animals such as mice, whose 40 chromosomes are exclusively telocentric.