Question

what is the characterstics of algae

Answer 1

Characteristics of Algae

Body is a relatively simple simple unicellular or multicellular thallus, not differentiated into roots, stems and leaves.

Unicellular thallus may be non motile, rhizopodial or coccoid.

Multicellular thallus may be colonial, palmelloid, dendroid, filametous siphonous and so on.

Algae cells exhibit three levels of organization, namely prokaryotic (eg: Myxophyceae), mesokaryotic (eg: Dinophyceae) and eukaryotic (other groups).

Cells are covered by a rigid cellulose cell wall.

Cells contain plastids and three classes of pigments, namely chlrophyll(a, b, c,d, and e), caroteneoids (alpha, beta, gamma and the theta carotenes, lycopene, leutin, flvicine, fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, myxoxanthin), and phycobilins or biliproteins(phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, allophycocyanin).

The reserve food includes mostly starch and oils (in Chlorophyceae starch; inXanthophyceae andBacillariophyceaechrysolaminarin and oils; in Phaeophyceae laminarin, mannitol and oils, inRhodophyceae floridean starch and galactan; in Cyanophyceaecyanophycean satarch)

Absence of conducting (vascular) and mechanical tissues; the entire thallus is formed of only parenchyma cells.

Presence of holdfast, stipe and lamina. Holdfast is for attachment, stipe forms the axis, and lamina serves as the leaf like photosynthetic part.

Algae flagella have typical 9+2 pattern of arrangement of microtubules.

Reproduction occurs by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods

Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation, hormogonia, akinetes etc.

Asexual reproduction is by motile zoospores, or by non motile apalnospores, autospores, hypnospores, exospores, endospores, carpsospores etc. Spores are produced in sporangia.

Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. Oogamous species possess antheridia and oogonia.

Sex organs are usually unicellular and non jacketed; multicellular sex organs are rare and in them each cell is fertile without a jacket of sterile cells.

Embryo is not formed after gametic fusion.

In most genera the only diploid stage in the life cycle is the zygote, which immediately undergoes meiosis.

Sporophytic and gametophytic genetations, which present in the life cycle, are independent. So, there is no alga with a sporophyte parasitic on gametophyte.

Answer 2

Algae are found both in freshwater as well as sea water and moist soil.
they may be single celled, colonial or filamentous.
they form Green foam floating on surface of stangent water of Pound.
they are autotrophic.
they are usually green because of presence of chlorophyll but the colour of some Algae may be blue green or red or brown due to the presence of other pigments.
the cells of Algae have cell wall made up of cellulose.

hope this is helpful to you so please mark it as brainliest.
pplzz