Question

what is the chemical equation for lighting offering in the troposphere​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

The atmosphere is an oxidizing medium. Many environmentally important trace gases are removed from the atmosphere mainly by oxidation: greenhouse gases such as CH4, toxic combustion gases such as CO, agents for stratospheric O3 depletion such as HCFCs, and others. Oxidation in the troposphere is of key importance because the troposphere contains the bulk of atmospheric mass (85%, see section 2.3 ) and because gases are generally emitted at the surface.

The most abundant oxidants in the Earth's atmosphere are O2 and O3. These oxidants have large bond energies and are hence relatively unreactive except toward radicals (O2 only toward highly unstable radicals). With a few exceptions, oxidation of non-radical atmospheric species by O2 or O3 is negligibly slow. Work in the 1950s first identified the OH radical as a strong oxidant in the stratosphere. OH reacts rapidly with most reduced non-radical species, and is particularly reactive toward H-containing molecules due to H-abstraction reactions converting OH to H2O. Production of OH is by reaction of water vapor with O(1D) ( section 10.2.1 ):

 (R1)

(R2)

(R3)

 We saw in chapter 10 how OH oxidizes a number of trace gases in the stratosphere. A simple expression for the source POH of OH from reactions (R1) - (R3) can be obtained by assuming steady state for O(1D). Laboratory studies show that (R2) is much faster than (R3) at the H2O mixing ratios found in the atmosphere, allowing for simplification:

(11.1)

Critical to the generation of OH is the production of O(1D) atoms by (R1) . Until 1970 it was assumed that production of O(1D) would be negligible in the troposphere because of near-total absorption of UV radiation by the O3 column overhead. It was thought that oxidation of species emitted from the Earth's surface, such as CO and CH4, required transport to the stratosphere followed by reaction with OH in the stratosphere:  (R4)   (R5)

 This mechanism implied long atmospheric lifetimes for CO and CH4 because air takes on average 5-10 years to travel from the troposphere to the stratosphere ( section 4.4.4 ) and the stratosphere accounts for only 15% of total atmospheric mass. In the 1960s, concern emerged that accumulation of CO emitted by fossil fuel combustion would soon represent a global air pollution problem.