Question

what is the cleansing action of soap

Answer 1

cleansing action of soap is by the formation of micelle.
micelle is formed by soap by two parts one is hydrophilic and other is hydrophobic.Hydrophobic part attaches itself with dirt and oil and hydrophilic part attaches itself with water.This helps to remove oil and dirt from clothes.

Answer 2

soap molecule has a tail which is hydrophobic and a negatively charged head hydrophilic end.when soap a soap or detergent is dissolved in water,the molecule is arranged in such a way that the hydrophobic region is directed inward and the hydrophlic region is directed outward.this is called micelle.in cleaning the hydrophobic tail attaches itself to  oily dirt. when the water is shaken vigorously oily dirt  dissociates in water and form globules,and the hydrophilic head prevents it from aggregation.thus oily dirt is removed.
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