What is the composition of the Lok Sabha ? Explain its powers and functions.
Answers
Explanation:
The Lok Sabha at present consists of 545 members. Of these, 530 members are directly elected from the States and 13 from Union Territories, while two are nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community.
Powers of Lok Sabha:
1. Motions of No-Confidence against the government can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha.
2. Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
3. In case of a deadlock between the two Houses over an ordinary bill, the will of the Lok Sabha normally prevails.
Functions of Lok Sabha:
1. Legislative
Any ordinary bill can be introduced to any House of Parliament either in the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, but the bill can become law only after it has been passed by both the Houses of Parliament.
Although ordinary bills can be introduced in either of two houses of the Parliament, yet almost 95% of the bills are introduced in the Lok Sabha.
2. Judicial
The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha possess the following judicial power:
Impeachment against President, Supreme Court Judges and High court Judges can be framed in either of two houses by a two-thirds majority of the members present voting.
It is essential that regulation is passed by the Lok Sabha also if there are impeachment charges against the Vice President by Rajya Sabha.
In case of the violation of the discipline in the Lok Sabha, the members are free to take action against the defaulting members.
3. Financial
A money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. After having been passed by it, the money bill goes to the Rajya Sabha.
A money bill can only be delayed by the Rajya Sabha for a maximum of 14 days. If the Rajya Sabha fails to pass the money bill within the 14 days of receiving it, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both of the houses of the Parliament and sent to the President for his signature.
In case of any dispute as to whether a particular bill is a money bill or not the decision of the speaker of the Lok Sabha is final.
4. Electoral
The members of the Lok Sabha take part in the election of the President. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members together elect the Vice-President. The members of the Lok Sabha also elect a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker from amongst themselves.
5. Executive
Article 75(3) of the Constitution provides that ' Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.'
Thus, the Government is accountable to the Lok Sabha for its acts. It is only the Lok Sabha which can pass a no-confidence vote against the Council of Ministers and force them to resign.
6. Some other functions performed by Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha jointly:
•Approval of the ordinances issued by the President
•Change of the boundaries of the states. State, the establishment of new states and change the name of any state.
•Changes in the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts according to the provision of the constitution.
•Changes the qualifications of the members of the Parliament and State Legislatures.
•Revising the salary and allowances of the members of Parliament.
•The setting up of Joint Public Service Commission for two or more states.
•Passing of a resolution for abolishing or creating the upper chamber of a state legislature.
•Discuss the report of UPSC Auditor General of India and finance commission, etc.
Approval of a Declaration of the following Emergencies:
1)National Emergency- Article 352
2)Constitutional emergency- Article 356
3)Financial emergency -Article 360
The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha and not before the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha has full control over the finances. Hence, It is very evident that despite being the lower house of the Parliament the Lok Sabha is a very powerful house.
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Composition:
545 members
530 directly elected from states
13 by union territories
2 nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community.
Powers
The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Motions of no confidence against the government can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resign collectively.
Functions
The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
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