What is the concept of farm efficiency? Explain cooperative forming.
Answers
By the term ‘Co-operative farming’, we mean a kind of farming operations where agricultural practices were conducted by individuals on their own holdings jointly with certain common agencies formed on their behalf for the collection and purchase of agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilisers, equipment’s etc. and also for the sale of their agricultural produce.
This is a kind of co-operative farming societies available in India. It refers to “Co-operative holding of the land with cultivation on individual holding as before. The individuals hold their plots of land on payment of rent to their own co-operative society.”
But in real sense, Co-operative farming refers to farming practices where farming operations are conducted co-operatively. In this type of farming, small individual holdings are merged into a common unit and accordingly such farm is managed– on co-operative basis.
In respect of co-operative joint farming, individuals retain their ownership of respective plots of land and distribute the income of the farm among the members on the basis of the size and value of the plot along with their other contributions.
Such type of farming is again different from the Co-operative collective farming followed in socialist countries where ownership of land disappears completely after the formation of co-operatives.
In India, majority of the holdings are too small. About 76.4 per cent of the total holdings in India are below the size of 2 hectares and on these again 28.8 per cent of total operated area is engaged into these marginal and small holdings. Average area operated in the case of marginal farm is only 0.4 hectares and in case of small farm it is about 1.4 hectares only.
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