Question

what is the conclusion of two nation theory
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Answer 1

Answer:

It could scarcely be argued that partition has left a particularly happy legacy. In the Indian subcontinent the wars between India and Pakistan in 1965 and 1971 showed that the communal tensions of the pre-partition period had become translated to the international level. The break-up of Pakistan in 1971 threw an inevitable question mark against Iqbal’s Two Nation theory, as his Muslim nation palpably failed to hold together. Nor has the fate of Pakistan and Bangladesh since 1971 been altogether reassuring, the latter having to combat deep-rooted economic problems, the former the challenge of Pathan and Baluchi separatists. By contrast, despite occasional outbreaks of communal tension and allegations of discrimination, the Republic of India seems to have accommodated its substantial Muslim minority. The Arab-Israeli wars of 1956, 1967 and 1973, not to mention the more recent prolonged conflict in Lebanon, confirm that the struggle which led to partition in Palestine has simply taken on a new dimension. Although the international aspect has been less clearly marked in the case of Ireland, here, too, the prevalence of unrest since partition has emphasised the continuing nature of the underlying conflict. Strife has rarely been absent for long from Northern Ireland’s affairs: the Belfast riots of 1935, the IRA campaign of 1956–62, the Civil Rights campaign of the late 1960s and the recurrence of communal rioting, and the emergence of the Provisional IRA and Loyalist paramilitary groups, have all underlined a continuing struggle over the legacy of partition. If, as this book has argued, partition was seen as a means of resolving conflict, then it has been less than successful.

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