Question

What is the difference and similarities of post industrial society and tribal society and industrial

Answer 1

Answer:

To summarise, tribal societies are simple, homogeneous, integrated, and undifferentiated in comparison to industrial societies, which are complex, heterogeneous, disintegrated, and differentiated.

Tribal society

A tribe is a large group of people who differ from other groups primarily by their higher population density and more sedentary lifestyle.

• The tribes also engage in hunting and gathering. Animal husbandry and crop cultivation are also practised. As a result, a specific territorial affiliation and integration occurs.
• The tribe lives and remains within a defined and shared topography. In the absence of a common topography, the tribe would lose its other distinguishing features such as community functions, language and culture, and so on.
• The tribal political and social organisation is based on religion because religious sanctity and recognition make social and political laws inviolable.
• The tribe's authority over common religion is an important feature. Life-cycle ceremonies and rituals are frequently prioritised by tribal people.

Post industrial society

Many new technologies and services have been developed as a result of post-industrialized societies. Ridesharing and food delivery services, for example, were developed in post-industrial societies. Post-industrial societies also have new types of communities that are united by shared interests rather than geography.

• These societies have an increased focus on the implications of new technologies.
• There are high expectations that graduates of universities and colleges and entrepreneurs will invent new technologies and innovate with existing ones.
• Manual labor jobs are replaced with professional and technical jobs.
• Examples of this trend include the replacement of workers in many factories with robots who are controlled by trained professionals. An article in May 2020 written by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology estimated that one robot in a manufacturing plant replaced around three human workers.
• Indirect replacement is also a large trend. Fewer and fewer individuals are becoming assembly line workers or welders. More and more people are becoming doctors, computer analysts, robotics technicians, and other technology-based professionals.
• There is an elevated focus in post-industrial societies on providing services, rather than on mass-producing goods with the aid of machinery like industrial societies.

Industrial society

       An industrial society is one that is characterised by the use of technology to enable mass production, thereby supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour. Following the Industrial Revolution, such a structure emerged in the West, replacing the agrarian societies of the Pre-modern, Pre-industrial era. Industrial societies are typically mass societies that may be followed by an information society. They are frequently contrasted with traditional societies.

Characteristics of Industrial Society

• Industrial Society is Associated with Industrial Revolution and Industrialism. Industrial Revolution spanning the late 18th to the early 19th centuries is an event of great socio-economic and historical significance
• Technology Initiating Vast and Rapid Social Changes. Technology based on modern scientific knowledge leads to higher rate of technological innovations. These innovations in turn, bring about a flood of social change
• Larger Societies with Huge Populations. The high levels of productivity of industrial societies further stimulate population growth with increasing members living in cities and metropolitan areas.
• Large Scale Division of Labour. As industrialism spreads and population grows, division of labour becomes highly complex. Industrial society creates tens of thousands of new specialised jobs.
• Religion Losing its Hold over the People. Religious institutions are no longer playing an important role in controlling the behaviour of the people. The influence of religious institutions as such shrinks markedly. People hold many different and competing values and beliefs.
• Spread of Heterogeneous Culture. Industrial societies give rise to a number of secondary groups such as corporations, political parties, business houses, government bureaucracies, cultural and literary associations and special- purpose organisations of various kinds.
• Science and education are becoming increasingly important. Science emerges as a new and vital social institution for the first time. All technological advancements are dependent on the expansion and refinement of scientific knowledge.

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