Question

What is the difference between closed surface and arbitrary surface

Answer 1

If any arbitrary surface encloses a dipole, the net charge is zero, because the total .

Hence Total flux =1∈0× charge enclosed

=1∈0×0=0

∴Δϕ=0

Answer 2

Explanation:

If any arbitrary surface encloses a dipole, the net charge is zero, because the total . Hence Total flux =1∈0× charge ...