Question

what is the difference between drift velocity and current and what are their respective directions​

Answer 1

Drift velocity is the velocity attained by a particle because of an electric field. Because current is proportional to drift velocity, which in a resistive material is, in turn, proportional to the magnitude of an external electric field, Ohm's law can be explained in terms of drift velocity.

the drift velocity is directly proportional to current. The drift velocity is the average velocity that a particle, such as an electron, attains in a material due to an electric field. In general, an electron will propagate randomly in a conductor at the Fermi velocity.

Drift velocity is the velocity attained by a particle because of an electric field. Because current is proportional to drift velocity, which in a resistive material is, in turn, proportional to the magnitude of an external electric field, Ohm's law can be explained in terms of drift velocity.

he definition of drift velocity can be understood by imagining the random motion of free electrons in a conductor. The free electrons in a conductor moves with random velocities and in random directions. When an electric field is applied across the conductor the randomly moving electrons are subjected to electrical forces along the direction of the field. Due to this field, the electrons do not give up their randomness of motion, but they will be shifting towards higher potential. That means the electrons will drift towards higher potential along with their random motions. Thus, every electron will have a net velocity towards the higher potential end of the conductor and this net velocity is referred as the drift velocity of electrons. Hopping you understand the definition of drift velocity. The current due to this drift movement of electrons inside an electrically stressed conductor, is known as drift current. It is needless to say that every current that flows through a conductor is drift current.