What is the difference between katauhan, pagkatao, and pagpapakatao
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Source: Malay . dis2017, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p70-85. 16p.
Author(s): Javier Jr., Roberto E.
Abstract: This is a study in linguistics on the term tao (human) the root word of the twin concepts of katawan (human body) and katauhan (human person) and how such relate in pagiging tao (being human), pagpapakatao (becoming a human person), pakikipagkapuwa-tao (sharing the self with other selves), and pagkatao (personhood). An ethnolinguistics was done on the use of the Filipino language in expressing indigenous ideas on what their experiences are about their being, becoming and what they ought to be. A psycholinguistics was also used to understand the implicit knowledge of the Filipino in the term tao 'kept' in the concepts katawan, katauhan. A Philippine social science approach pakapa-kapa (groping) was employed in generating evidence in Filipino terminologies (of high frequency or in use today and in old dictionaries of 1613 and 1860) and grammar (system of affixation or paglalapi in Gramatikong Filipino). Using the techniques of doing analysis of the 'word' such as scrutinizing the root word and the system of affixation in the language, meanings are derived in the process. The word tao was analyzed linguistically, i.e., with its affixes and usages as well as in the expressions and metaphors (implicit, explicit meanings of the word). Tao is katawan with affixes ka and an (ka-tao-an). The human (with the) body is certainly self-evident in the word katawan. In the expression 'tao po' (and if it happens that there is no one in the house or, if there is but would not want to appear), the one who uttered/heard such words understands what is meant, that he/she is presenting his/her being in a body (in common sense). It is interesting to note too that there is mystery in 'nagkatawang tao' as it is impossible to say so since there is a redundancy in the two words (nag)katawan(g) and tao (ka-tao-an). Thus it is non-existent as it negates the presence of tao. The expression katawang lupa is more comprehensible because lupa is a distinctly different idea with the tao. The tao is 'whole' i.e. the body and person is one, there is unity, e.g. the face (mukha) externalizes the inner soul (hiya). To say that one is 'makapal ang mukha' (thick face, bareface), he/she is 'walang hiya' (lacks dignity\walang pagkatao strongly suggestive of being shameless). Thus, despite having immense influence, as in being a powerful politician or an affluent member of society, if he/she is known to be corrupt and greedy, he/she is said to be 'makapal ang mukha'. Such being has failed to become a human person and has remained a brute, thus the expression 'hindi marunong mahiya' or 'hayop' (animal). Such shameless self is opposed to kapwa (shared self). Hiya in the Filipino is the epitome of ones being.
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