What is the difference between soap and detergent?
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Soap is a triacylglyceride derviative (fat) while detergents are often produced synthetically. The head-group of soap a molecule is usually a carboxylate anion while common detergents often use phosphate or sulfate head-groups (ie Sodium dodecyl sulfate).
Soap's effectiveness is greatly affected by the presence of certain minerals in solution such as those typically associated with hard water. Detergents are usually not affected by minerals in solution.
Soaps are the sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acids
Detergents are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids
The ionic group in soaps is –COO-Na+
The ionic group in soaps is SO3 -Na+ or SO4 -Na+
Hope this helps!
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