what is the difference between taxonomy and nomenclature
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Taxonomy (sometimes called "systematics") is the science of classifying organisms. ... Nomenclatureis a formal system of names used to label taxonomic groups.
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Taxonomy (sometimes called "systematics") is the science of classifying organisms. The Linnean system of classification, used for both plants and animals, was developed more than two centuries ago by the great Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (born Carl von Linné). It is a hierarchical system -- that is, each organism belongs to a series of ranked taxonomic categories, such as a subspecies, species, genus, family, etc. At any rank (level) in the hierarchy any organism can belong to only one taxon, or taxonomic group. For instance, the Yellow-rumped Warbler can be a member of only one genus and one class. Each taxon is given a formal, latinized name that is recognized by scientists around the world. Nomenclature is a formal system of names used to label taxonomic groups.
Birds compose the class Aves, which is in the phylum Chordata (Chordata also includes mammals, reptiles, fishes, and tunicates -- everything with an internal skeletal rod called a "notochord," which in vertebrates is enclosed in cartilage or within a backbone). The living (nonfossil) members of the class Aves are placed into more than two dozen orders, such as the Passeriformes (perching birds), Piciformes (woodpeckers, etc.), Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Procellariiformes (albatrosses, petrels, etc.), Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), and so on. The orders are divided into about 160 families -- an average 6-7 families per order. Family names can be recognized because they all end in "idae." For example, in the order Passeriformes are such families as the Tyrannidae (the tyrant flycatchers), the Laniidae (the shrikes), and the Emberizidae, a large family that includes, among others, the wood warblers, sparrows, blackbirds, and orioles.
Families, in turn, are divided into subfamilies, with names ending in "inae." The wood warblers make up the subfamily Parulinae and the black-birds and orioles are the Icterinae. Within subfamilies, tribes (name ending "ini") are often recognized: blackbirds are the Agelaiini and orioles the Icterini within the Icterinae. The next commonly used category is the genus: the Yellow-rumped Warbler is in the genus Dendroica, along with more than two dozen very similar species. Its latinized specific name is Dendroica coronata, made up of the name of the genus combined with a trivial name to distinguish it from congeners (other members of the same genus).
Birds compose the class Aves, which is in the phylum Chordata (Chordata also includes mammals, reptiles, fishes, and tunicates -- everything with an internal skeletal rod called a "notochord," which in vertebrates is enclosed in cartilage or within a backbone). The living (nonfossil) members of the class Aves are placed into more than two dozen orders, such as the Passeriformes (perching birds), Piciformes (woodpeckers, etc.), Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Procellariiformes (albatrosses, petrels, etc.), Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), and so on. The orders are divided into about 160 families -- an average 6-7 families per order. Family names can be recognized because they all end in "idae." For example, in the order Passeriformes are such families as the Tyrannidae (the tyrant flycatchers), the Laniidae (the shrikes), and the Emberizidae, a large family that includes, among others, the wood warblers, sparrows, blackbirds, and orioles.
Families, in turn, are divided into subfamilies, with names ending in "inae." The wood warblers make up the subfamily Parulinae and the black-birds and orioles are the Icterinae. Within subfamilies, tribes (name ending "ini") are often recognized: blackbirds are the Agelaiini and orioles the Icterini within the Icterinae. The next commonly used category is the genus: the Yellow-rumped Warbler is in the genus Dendroica, along with more than two dozen very similar species. Its latinized specific name is Dendroica coronata, made up of the name of the genus combined with a trivial name to distinguish it from congeners (other members of the same genus).
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