what is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents?state in brief the soap in removing an oily spot from a shirt .why soaps are not considered suitable for washing when water is hard ?
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Soaps are made up of sodium salt of higher fatty acids whereas detergents are made up of sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acids.
When a oily or dirty cloth is washed with soap then the the hydrophobic end that is covalent end stick to the oil particle and when the cloth is aggetated the hydrophobic end takes away the dirt or oil particle from cloth and makes it clean.
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions of sulphats,chlorides and carbonates which reacts with soap molecules to form a insoluble ppt called scum. Soap don't work in hard water and also most of the soap gets wasted in reacting with Ca/Mg ions.
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