Question

What is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents? State in brief the action of soaps in removing an oily spot from a shirt. Why are sops not considered suitable for washing where water is hard?
OR
List in tabular form three physical and two chemical properties on the basis of which ethanol and ethanoic acid can be differentiated.

Answer 1

The basic chemical difference between soaps and detergents is that soaps are salts of magnesium and calcium sulphate and chlorides viral detergents are long chains of sulphates and sulphonates.

In soaps the carbon chain wraps around oil particle. The hydrophobic end remains in contact with oil particle while the hydrophilic end goes inside water.

Soaps are not considered suitable for washing where water is hard because in hard water soaps form insoluble precipitate that is scum due to which the cleansing action of soap becomes weak and hence soaps are not considered suitable for washing in hard water.

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