what is the difference between white and black phosphorus
Answers
Explanation:
White Phosphorus properties:
Translucent in appearance like white waxy solid
Poisonous in nature
Less stable and more reactive
Does not dissolve in water
When mixed with carbon disulphide it dissolves
Glows in the dark(chemiluminescence)
Further, the white form of it dissolves in NaOH in an inert atmosphere giving PH3. The reaction that takes place is as follows:
P4+3NaOH+3H20→PH3+3NaH2PO2
(Sodium Hypophosphite)
allotropes of phosphorus
Due to the angular strain in P4 molecule (wherein the angle is 60∘), In the presence of air, it readily catches fire and gives out dense white fumes of P4O10. The reaction is as follows: P4+5O2→P4O10
The below figure shows that it has a discrete tetrahedral P4 molecule:
On heating white P4 at 573K in an inert atmosphere for several days, red phosphorus is obtained. Further, on heating it under high pressure, a series of phases of black form is formed.
Black Phosphorus properties:
α-black and β-black are two forms of black phosphorus. When red phosphorus is heated in a sealed tube at 803K, a α-black form is formed. It can be sublimed in the air and has either rhombohedral crystals or opaque monoclinic. It does not oxidise in the air. When white form is heated under high pressure at 473 K β-Black is formed. It does not burn in the air up to 673K. Structure of black form of this substance is shown below:
allotropes of phosphorus
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