Question

what is the difference in the atomic models of thomson and Rutherford?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged "soup." Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus. Based on these results, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom.

Answer 2

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What is the difference in the atomic models of J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford ?

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$\boxed{\text{Thomson's Model of the atom}\hookrightarrow}$

Thomson proposed the model of an atom that looks similar to a Christmas pudding. The electrons, in a sphere of positive charge. were like currants (dry fruits) in a spherical Christmas pudding. We can also think of a watermelon, the positive charge in the atom is spread all over like the red edible part of the watermelon, while the electrons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.

$\boxed{\sf{\red{His\: proposal}\leadsto}}$

• An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.
• The negative & positive charges are equal in magnitude . So the atom as a whole is electrically Neutral.

$\boxed{\text{Rutherford's Model of an atom}\hookrightarrow}$

by example*

Ernest Rutherford was interested in knowing how the electrons are arranged within an atom. Rutherford designed an experiment for this. In this experiment, fast moving alpha $\alpha$-particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil.

• $\alpha$-particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil.He selected a gold foil because he wanted as thin a layer as possible. This gold foil was about 1000 atoms thick.

• $\alpha$-particles are doubly-charged helium ions. Since they have a mass of 4 u, the fast-moving $\alpha$-particles have a considerable amount of energy.

• considerable amount of energy. It was expected that a-particles would be deflected by the sub-atomic particles in the gold atoms. Since the $\alpha$-particles were much heavier than the protons, he did not expect to see large deflections.

$\boxed{\sf{\red{It's\:observation}\leadsto}}$

1. Most of the fast moving $\alpha$-particles passed straight through the gold foil
2. Some of the $\alpha$-particles were deflected by the foil in small angles.
3. One out of every 12000 rays rebound.

FEATURES OF RUTHERFORD'S MODEL :

• There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus . Nearly in the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.
• The Electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths.
• The size of the Nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

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KNOW MORE ::

J.J. Thomson :» J.J. Thomson (1856 1940), a British physicist, was born in Cheetham Hill, a suburb of Manchester , on 18 December 1856. He was awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 1906 for his work on the discovery of electrons. He directed the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge for 35 years and seven of his research assistants subsequently won Nobel prizes.

Ernest Rutherford :» E. Rutherford (1871-1937) was born at Spring Grove on 30 August 1871. He was known as the 'Father' of nuclear physics. He is famous for his work on radioactivity and the discovery of the nucleus of an atom with the gold foil experiment. He got the Nobel prize in chemistry in 1908.

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