what is the difference in the percentage of world population supported by India and Brazil ?
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India vs. Brazil: An Overview
India and Brazil are both multi-trillion-dollar economies and members of the oft-cited BRIC countries along with Russia and China. While both are among the most-watched emerging markets, the economic fortunes of Brazil and India appear to be on divergent paths. India should continue to gain ground on Brazil unless the South American country confronts difficult political and economic challenges.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
India and Brazil are both important developing economies, part of the BRIC nations, with large populations and a wealth of natural resources.
While each has enormous potential, several limitations stand in the way of stable growth and prosperity for all.
India
India, a land of diversity and interesting opportunities, remains high on the list of investment destinations by international investors and businesses. It is the world's largest democracy and boasts a vibrant economy in many areas including technology and the service sector. With a lot of positives—a large, educated English speaking population, stable government in the center, rising forex reserves, high-value capital markets—India seems to be on a firm growth path with the expectation of a double-digit growth rate.
However, regulatory inefficiencies, corruption, a slow growth rate over the last decade, bureaucratic red tape in starting and running businesses, political pressures, and heavy financial burdens due to subsidies, are some of the challenges facing India’s economy and business environment. While there is wealth in India, there is also still a large amount of poverty and inequality remains high.
Brazil
Brazil is South America's largest economy. The country has a lot going for it as it has an abundance of natural resources and people to fuel its workforce. Yet, as recent negative economic events have shown, having an abundance of these things does not necessarily mean strong incomes for citizens. These resources must be appropriately managed and developed. Brazil has some of the fundamental components of what it takes to make its economy strong, but if it wants to truly improve the lives of its citizens then it will need to develop greater productivity and increase its international competitiveness.
In recent years, Brazil's economy has experienced some trouble, The country depends on its export-driven commodity trade, and China's slowing demand for these products is a lightning strike. On the upside, the trade war between China and the U.S. has increased demand for Brazilian exports in agriculture and natural resources.
For investors in Brazil stocks, the damage has been an unfolding disaster for some years. The iShares MSCI Brazil ETF, for example, fell 75% from a high in 2011 to a low in mid-December 2015. Many hedge funds and institutional investors have given up and abandoned the old thesis of Brazil as a renaissance country leading Latin America to better days.
Comparing Economic Growth
Measured by aggregate gross domestic product (GDP), the Indian economy is larger than Brazil's, according to countryeconomy.com. This is mostly because India's population, which reached 1.34 billion in 2015, is significantly larger than Brazil's at 210 million as of 2018. Measured on a per capita basis, however, Brazil is far richer. The estimated GDP per capita in Brazil was $8,919 in 2018, roughly four and a half times larger than India's at $2,009 GDP per capita.
Greater exposure to international markets appears to drive India's growth. According to World Bank data, approximately 19% of India's GDP was generated from exports compared to only 12.5% for Brazil in 2017. International markets and investors triggered an industrial revolution in India during recent decades, allowing cheap Indian labor access to more than just agricultural careers.
Brazil, meanwhile, saw international trade shrink after the U.S. energy boom and a devaluation of the Chinese yuan. The United States and China are Brazil's two largest trading partners and major components of its recent economic structure.
Brazil's Scandals and Cronyism
Several high-profile scandals rocked Brazil between 2014 and early 2016. The most notable involved former president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, along with dozens of other politicians and the semi-public energy company Petróleo Brasileiro SA (NYSE: PBR). Known as Petrobras, it is perhaps the most important company in Brazil. A long investigation uncovered more than $2.1 billion in government kickbacks and bribes, which earned Petrobras lucrative contracts among other benefits.
Measured by market capitalization, Petrobras accounted for as much as 10% of the Brazilian economy in 2014. The scandal coincided with a global drop in commodity prices, which helped balloon fiscal deficits and job losses in Brazil.
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