what is the different between reproduction and gender?
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Answer:
The debate over the identity category of women that emerged in 1970s feminist theory has recently morphed into a new debate over the best way to understand sex identity in relationship both to gender identity and to sexuality. Both the meanings and the relationships between the categories of sex, gender and sexuality are under contestation in these debates, as is indeed the ability to separate these terms. The transgender movement has disrupted whatever slight consensus there was over how to understand any of these concepts. Almost no one seems to want binary formulations of sex, gender or sexuality — binaries like male/female, masculine/feminine, and gay/straight — and the continuum models that try to conceptualise the fluidity of identity types are similarly criticised for maintaining binary poles between which a continuum can be strung. Even Derrida’s dream of an open set of endless sexes, put forward as the alternative to Irigaray’s two-term sexual difference, has been effectively critiqued from within the camp of feminist Derrideans (see Irigaray 1985; Grosz 1995: 77). So where do we go from here
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What is the role of reproduction in formulating the categories of sex, gender, or of sexual difference? If Judith Butler is right that gender and sex cannot be neatly disentangled from the realm of affects, “sensation, acts, and sexual practice,” then it is equally doubtful that the realm of biological reproduction can be disentangled. There is a danger, however, of re-inscribing heterosexism or heteronormativity. Clearly, reproduction has historically been used to justify the conventional binary, oppositional, and hierarchical meanings of sex and gender. In response, feminist and LGBT theorists have argued that reproduction is irrelevant to gender identity. But does this make metaphysical sense? This paper argues that reproduction has a legitimate and substantive impact in determining the category of sex and influencing the category of gender, but that considerations of reproduction do not justify either heterosexism or homophobia.
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