Question

what is the economic importance of calcium-magnesium carbonate?

Answer 1

Calcite is chemically calcium carbonate (formula CaCO3). Dolomite is chemicallycalcium-magnesium carbonate (formula CaMg(CO3)2). Economic Importance: Limestone is used to make a variety of products that are essential to the modern way of life (see Uses section below).



Main Uses of Limestone:  

In Missouri, limestone of all kinds is used mainly for aggregate (aka “gravel”) that is produced by crushing and screen-sizing limestone quarry rock.  The aggregate is used in concrete, for road surfacing (with or without asphalt or tar binder), and for foundation support beneath weight-bearing structures.  Boulder-sized aggregate, known as riprap, is used for stream stabilization and for protection against erosion on steep embankments such as the faces of earthen dams.

High-calcium limestone is used to make Portland cement that is used in concrete and mortars.  Portland cement is produced by burning a slurry of finely crushed, high-calcium limestone, clay, sand, and a small amount of iron ore in a cement kiln.  The pelletal material exiting the kiln is called “clinker.”  Gypsum is added, and the clinker-gypsum mixture is finely ground into Portland cement.  The burning of limestone in the cement-making process liberates carbon dioxide gas (formula CO2).

Limestone is used in the manufacture of three kinds of lime that have a wide range of uses.

Aglime is simply pulverized limestone.  It is used as a soil conditioner to neutralize acidity and to add calcium and magnesium nutrients.

Quicklime is calcium oxide (formula CaO) that is produced by calcining (burning) high-calcium limestone in a lime kiln to drive out the carbon in the form of carbon dioxide gas (formula CO2).  Quicklime is used as a soil stabilizer, as a flux in the manufacture of steel and ceramics, and to remove sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride from flue gas emissions.  The accompanying table can be used to estimate quicklime yield for different kinds of pure limestone. 

Hydrated lime is made by mixing quicklime with water to create calcium hydroxide (formula Ca(OH)2).  Hydrated lime, also known as slaked lime, is used to filter potable water supplies and to treat solid and liquid waste.  It is used as a soil stabilizer and as an additive in petroleum refinement.  The accompanying table can be used to estimate the amount of hydrated lime that can be made from different kinds of pure limestone.

Other uses of limestone: 

Limestones that are sufficiently dense and durable and not fractured may be cut into “marble” blocks that are used for dimensional building stone and architectural enhancement

Some “manufactured” sands are made from crushed limestone

Manufacture of brick and tile

Filler material in synthetic floor coverings

Carrier material in pesticide granules

Filler material in fungicides

Dusting agents to prevent explosions in underground coal mines

Calcium source in foods and food supplements

Pharmaceuticals

Source of calcium and magnesium for chemicals

Sugar extraction process

Manufacture of glass, paper, plastics, thermoplastics, rubber, ink, paint, whitewash, dyes, adhesives, coatings and sealants

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