what is the effective nuclear charge Na+ for 2p⁵
Answers
Explanation:
Effective Nuclear Charge Formula. ...
Calculating Effective Nuclear Charge. ...
Step 1: Find Atomic Number to Determine Z Value. ...
Step 2: Write the Electron Configuration. ...
Step 3: Attribute a Shielding Value to Each Electron. ...
Step 4: Sum the S Values. ... Step 5: Find Z Effective Using Formula
Answer:
The strength of any model is in it ability to explain experimental observations. The Quantum Mechanical model of the atom can 'tested' by looking at the experimental data of atomic radius and ionization energy. The first property to explore is atomic radius. The immediate question is what is an atomic radius. Our quantum mechanical description of an atom suggests a very broad region for finding the electron. It is difficult to define a sharp boundary for distance between the electrons in any particular atom and the nucleus. So some approximations are made in determining this parameter. For example, the distance between the two chlorine atoms in Cl2 is known to be 1.988 Å. To get the atomic radius we assume the distance between the two nuclei is the sum of two chlorine atomic radii. Therefore the atomic radius of chlorine is 0.994 Å. Additional distances can be obtained from other distances between atoms. Care must be taken in these types of determinations however.
After collecting large amounts of data generally accepted atomic radii are known for most elements in the periodic table. Atomic radii determine this way are also called covalent radii. (we'll discuss the term covalent in the next chapter) Atomic radii for metals can be estimated from the distance between metal atoms in the pure solids