what is the emergence and growth of a modern state ?
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Answer:
perfect blackbody or simply a blackbody is defined as a body which absorbs all the radiant energy incident on it.
A perfect blackbody or simply a blackbody is defined as a body which absorbs all the radiant energy incident on it.Fery designed a spherical blackbody which consists of a hollow double-walled, metallic sphere provided with a tiny hole or aperture on one side, Fig. The inside wall of the sphere is blackened with lampblack while the outside is silver-plated. The space between the two walls is evacuated to minimize heat loss by conduction and convection.
A perfect blackbody or simply a blackbody is defined as a body which absorbs all the radiant energy incident on it.Fery designed a spherical blackbody which consists of a hollow double-walled, metallic sphere provided with a tiny hole or aperture on one side, Fig. The inside wall of the sphere is blackened with lampblack while the outside is silver-plated. The space between the two walls is evacuated to minimize heat loss by conduction and convection.Any radiation entering the sphere through the aperture suffers multiple reflections where about 97% of it is absorbed in each incidence by the coating of lampblack. The radiation is almost completely absorbed after a number of internal reflections. A conical projection on the inside wall opposite the hole minimizes the probability of incident radiation escaping out.
When the sphere is placed in a bath of suitable fused salts, so as to maintain it at the desired temperature, the hole serves as a source of black-body radiation. The intensity and the nature of the radiation depend only on the temperature of the walls.
When the sphere is placed in a bath of suitable fused salts, so as to maintain it at the desired temperature, the hole serves as a source of black-body radiation. The intensity and the nature of the radiation depend only on the temperature of the walls.
A blackbody, by definition, has a coefficient of absorption equal to 1. Hence, its coefficient of reflection and coefficient of transmission are both zero. The radiation from a blackbody, called blackbody radiation, covers the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hence, a blackbody is called a full radiator.
Answer:
In earlier centuries, it was the norm for kings to rule and kingdoms to reign supreme. The modern day concept of the nation state is a relatively new phenomenon when one considers the arc of history. ... This was the guiding principle behind the Treaty of Westphalia that gave birth to the rise of the modern nation state.
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