Question

What is the excess alkalinity? How do you express it?

Answer 1

Explanation:

Alkalinity or AT measures the ability of a solution to neutralize acids to the equivalence point of carbonate or bicarbonate.

The alkalinity is equal to the stoichiometric sum of the bases in solution

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Answer 2

Excess alkalinity and to express it

Explanation:

• This refers an increase in basiciity or pH.  It can be expressed as a pH value or as concentration of OH ions in solution.
• Alkalinity is a chemical measurement of a water's ability to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is also a measure of a water's buffering capacity or its ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases.
• Two types of Alkalinity present in water,

            P-Alkalinity also called Phenolphthalein Alkalinity because Phenolphthalein indicator used for analysis.

            M-Alkalinity also called Methyl orange Alkalinity because Methyl orange indicator used for analysis.

• High alkalinity in the source (feed) water to the reverse osmosis system can cause scaling on the membrane because calcium carbonate (primary cause of alkalinity in water) precipitates on the membranes. Alkaline water can raise the pH of soils or potting mixes.

Learn more about alkalinity

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