what is the fate of manual scavengers in India
Answers
Answer:
Manual scavengers are people who collect human excreta and wastes from dry latrines of houses. It was a job taken up or rather, imposed on a so called backward community. The Government of India passed the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act in 1993.
Explanation:
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for the manual removal of untreated human excreta from bucket toilets or pit latrines by hand with buckets and shovels. It has been officially prohibited by law in 1993 due to it being regarded as a caste-based, dehumanizing practice (if not done in a safe manner). It involves moving the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into baskets, which the workers carry to disposal locations sometimes several kilometers away.[1] The workers, called scavengers (or more appropriately "sanitation workers"), rarely have any personal protective equipment. Manual scavenging is a caste-based occupation, with the vast majority of workers involved being women.[2]
The employment of manual scavengers to empty a certain type of dry toilet that requires manual daily emptying was prohibited in India in 1993. The law was extended and clarified to include insanitary latrines, ditches and pits in 2013.[3]
According to Socio Economic Caste Census 2011, 180,657 households are engaged in manual scavenging for a livelihood.[4] The 2011 Census of India found 794,000 cases of manual scavenging across India.[5] The state of Maharashtra, with 63,713, tops the list with the largest number of households working as manual scavengers, followed by the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Karnataka.[6]
Similar occupations existed and still exist in other countries, usually known by other terms and given different degrees of government protection.
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