what is the folding code and mechanism in the concept of protein folding?
Answers
Answer:
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Answer:
The “protein folding problem” consists of three closely related puzzles: (a) What is the folding code? (b) What is the folding mechanism? (c) Can we predict the native structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence? Once regarded as a grand challenge, protein folding has seen great progress in recent years. Now, foldable proteins and nonbiological polymers are being designed routinely and moving toward successful applications. The structures of small proteins are now often well predicted by computer methods. And, there is now a testable explanation for how a protein can fold so quickly: A protein solves its large global optimization problem as a series of smaller local optimization problems, growing and assembling the native structure from peptide fragments, local structures first.
Explanation:
The protein folding problem is the question of how a protein’s amino acid sequence dictates its three-dimensional atomic structure. The notion of a folding “problem” first emerged around 1960, with the appearance of the first atomic-resolution protein structures. Some form of internal crystalline regularity was previously expected (117), and α-helices had been anticipated by Linus Pauling and colleagues (180, 181), but the first protein structures—of the globins—had helices that were packed together in unexpected irregular ways. Since then, the protein folding problem has come to be regarded as three different problems: (a) the folding code: the thermodynamic question of what balance of interatomic forces dictates the structure of the protein, for a given amino acid sequence; (b) protein structure prediction: the computational problem of how to predict a protein’s native structure from its amino acid sequence; and (c) the folding process: the kinetics question of what routes or pathways some proteins use to fold so quickly. We focus here only on soluble proteins and not on fibrous or membrane proteins.