Question

what is the formula of calculate to adulteration​

Answer 1

Answer:

a% stands for the four adulteration levels for the protein-rich, nitrogen-based and carbohydrate-based

adulterants, it is equal to 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% for the four levels, respectively.

ܲݐ݋ݎ௡௢௖݊݅݁௧௥௢௟ is the protein content of the control milk samples (3.5% w/w).

ܲݐ݋ݎ௔݊݅݁ௗ௨௟௧௘௥௔௡௧ is the protein content of the protein-rich adulterant.

ܰ௔ௗ௨௟௧௘௥௔௡௧ is the nitrogen content of the nitrogen-based adulterant.

f is the conversion factor of nitrogen to protein (6.38).

ܶܵ௖௢௡௧௥௢௟ is the total solids content of the control milk samples (13.0% w/w).

ܶܵ௔ௗ௨௟௧௘௥௔௡௧ is the total solids content of the carbohydrate-based adulterant.

AC: ammonium chloride; AR: arrowroot powder; AS: ammonium sulphate; BIC: sodium bicarbonate;

CAR: sodium carbonate; CIT: sodium citrate; DIC: dicyandiamide; FMD: formaldehyde; FRU: fructose;

GLU: glucose; HYD: Sodium hydroxide; LAC: lactose; MD: maltodextrin; MLM: melamine; PEA: pea

protein isolate; PX: hydrogen peroxide; SMP: skimmed milk powder; SOY: soy protein isolate; STA:

starch; SU: sucrose; URE: urea; WMP: whole milk powder; WPI: whey protein isolate.

Explanation:

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