Question

What is the foundational challenge faced by many countries of the world for setting of democracy?

Answer 1

Democracy faces challenges from every level of society. These must be continually resisted on every front.

Large corporations and multinationals can defend their own interests and use their effects on the economy to sway governments in an undemocratic manner12,13. Powerful industries spend huge amounts of money on producing fake science, fake news reports and manipulative "lobby groups" to influence policy-makers: oil14,15,16 and tobacco16,17,18 lobbies are infamous for this. Newspaper companies have far too much power19,20, sometimes running campaigns as part of political deals with various parties and damaging democracy in the process.

Voters themselves need to be educated and well-informed in order to vote wisely21,22 but they do not do so, often voting on short-term and shallow issues that are not in their own long-term interests23,24, making some worry if democracy at all can continue to function23. Many democracies witness a continual decline in the numbers of people who bother to pay any interest in politics, let alone to vote25. A constant threat is the 'majority rules' impule, that can lead to the 'tyranny of the majority' or 'mob rule' situations in which outisders and minorities become unfiarly persecuted26,27,28.

There are problems with political parties and governments. Short-term policies such as increasing spending keep governments in power29 whereas wiser, long-term policies are less popular with voters. Highly motivated activists can exert undue pressure on governments30. Dictators, bigots, fascists and separatists can all be voted in along the same lines as anyone else31. Some governments come to abuse power, and, single-issue-parties and ethnic/separatist parties prevent the equality-of-opportunity and balance that should come from government. Finally, politicians themselves are sometimes corrupt.

In short, constant vigilence is required to prevent "democracy´s own weaknesses lead[ing] to disaster"30 , and a system of balances and checks must be maintained, to ensure that the democratic system is not going astray.

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