Question

what is the function of platelets in our body in 80words

Answer 1

Platelets or Thrombhocytes are extremely small fragments (about 2 microns or 2 micrometers to 4 microns or 4 micrometers) when compared to a true cellular structure. They are oval discs and/or rounded shaped-like bodies which are not nucleated or non-nucleated and flat fragments of cells. Medium of Blood usually contains 1,50,000 millimeters to 3,50,000 millimeters Platelets out of which increased amounts Blood Platelets are related by platelet factors for blood clotting. It does this by constriction of blood vessels by releasing serotonin and healing (via platelet factor growth) at the site which received a wound or injury.

In Mammalian Species Thrombhocytes are termed as $\textbf{Blood Platelets}$ they are in restricted numbers than the Red blood corpuscles and more than White blood corpuscles. An Increasement in the number of blood platelets is called as $\boxed{\textbf{Thrombocytosis}}$ and a decreasement in the number of the latter causes $\boxed{\textbf{Thrombocytopenia}}$ which is capable of causing a haemorrhage and excessive internal bleeding, Platelets are showing absence of pigments, hence, they are colourless. Basically, blood platelets are small bits of protoplasmic structures and are equally bounded by a membranous lining, they are containing small amount of cell organelles and granules which are secretory in function. A shape is given to those blood platelets in the centre of it by formation and grouping of basophilic granules.

Blood Platelets are from very large cells from the marrow present in the bone called $\textbf{Megakaryocytes}$ (it contains Megakaryocyte units called BFU-MK and CFU-MK, or, Colony-Forming-Unit Megakaryocyte by which derivation is from colonies after an incubation period of 12 days, and, Burst-Forming-Unit Megakaryocyte by which derivation is from colonies after an incubation period of 21 days). Formation of Blood platelets or Thrombhocytes is known as $\textbf{Theombopoiesis}$, a life span of plates will range about from 6 days to 1 week.

If there is an injury caused to any skin site, the blood vessels gets ruptured which further releases blood or blood is oozed from the body by internal wound pressures, it can be stopped by a process called or known as $\textbf{Blood Coagulation}$ or in simple words, $\textbf{Blood Clotting}$. Prices of Blood Coagulation or Blood Clotting can be described in three steps:

1) First most step consists of a site with wound and injured blood vessel, where is the endothelial surface is broken, the blood platelets are disintegrated and release a phospholipid component called as $\textbf{Platelet Thromboplastin}$ or $\textbf{Platelet Factor 3}$. The tissues which are injured or wounded are also releasing a lipoprotein factor called as $\textbf{Thromboplastin}$, wherein these two factors are in a combination with Ca$^{++}$ or calcium ions and certain limited proteins to firm a special enzyme called as $\textbf{pro-thrombinase}$.

2) The Second step is going to include the inactivation of $\textbf{Antiprothrombin-Anticoagulant}$ or, simply stated, $\textbf{Heparin}$ via pro-thrombinase in the presence of Calcium ions. Pro-thrombinase Does the catalytic breakdown of Prothrombin (an inactivated plasma protein) into a active protein known as $\textbf{Thrombin}$ and some of it is broken down into tiny $\textbf{Peptide Fragments}$ where P2Y1 receptors are important in assisting the usual stimulation of platelet changes in shape and size which ultimately helps with the process of aggregation, it's a really important mediator required for Blood Coagulation (third step).

3) Final and the third step of Blood clotting involves Thrombin which will act as a enzyme reactor and will firstly bring about total depolymerisation of a compound called $\textbf{Fibrinogen}$, a soluble plasma proteinaceous substance, forming single-chained monomeric compounds. In later stages the Thrombin will stimulate re-polymerisation of three single-chained monomeric compounds into long insoluble fibres or fibre-like structures known as $\textbf{Fibrin}$. They form a mesh-like dense networks upon the site of injury or would, finally sealing off and trapping White blood corpuscles, Red blood corpuscles and platelets to form a well known term called $\textbf{Blood Clot or Clot}$ (Fibrin are thin, solidified and long fibres).

Blood Clot seals the injury performed by a stimuli on the site and stops excessive bleeding and leaking of this important media. Soon after the formation of blood Clot, it starts contracting itself and forming a pale yellow fluid called $\textbf{Serum}$, which is the one that oozes out as pus or fluid from the epidermal skin layer. Serum contains Blood Plasma except Fibrinogen and Blood Corpuscles.

Answer 2

ANSWER -

$\textbf{PLATELETS -}$

Platelets (Thrombocytes) is a component of blood. It is responsible for clotting of blood. During injury it helps in clotting of blood to prevent excess blood loss (Homeostasis).

They are non nucleate. It's a extraction of nucleus from a cellular structure or formatting them of a categorised cancerous nucleation cells. We extract them by a number of processes such known process could be aggregation of ADP to plug into a site of injury. Their cell fragments are derived by Megakaryoctes which is present in stem cells of Bone marrow. This process is known as Thrombopoesis under the influence of Thrombopoetin.

It's normal count in a healthy adult person is about 150,000 to 350,000/ mm^3. Low platelet count is known as Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia may cause internal bleeding and internal hamorahhage. It may indicate many serious conditions such as Aplastic anemia, Gibert's syndrome, Dengue, Gaucher's disease.

At the sight of injury or infection platelets get accumulate rapidally. Due to accumulation at one point it shows inflammatory response.

It secrets Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which regulates growth and division of cell. It also plays vital role in formation of blood vessels.

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