What is the function of Ribosome?
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Answer:
The function of ribosomes is to synthesize proteins as directed in the messenger RNA. Ribosomes are organelles and help produce proteins with many different functions in the body, they can be found within the cytoplasm or the endoplasmic reticulum.Our cells and other animal cells contain many different components that function together to promote the wellbeing of the cell and the body. The mitochondria, for instance, provides our cells with the necessary amount of energy compounds needed to perform their various functions. The nucleus houses the DNA that cells use when they need to use genes to create proteins and regulate various systems in the body, like growth.Among the different components of our cell is the ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They are located as free particles throughout the cell in both prokaryotic, like bacteria, and eukaryotic, like us, cells. They can also be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum because the rough ER also helps in the production and movement of proteins. They have been also found in the mitochondria and chloroplast.
Ribosomes were first described by George E. Palade, a cell biologist, in 1955 as he observed the endoplasmic reticulum and noticed their presence. They are probably not hard to miss in animal cells because a typical cell can contain about 10 million ribosomes. They are fewer in bacterial cells, like E. coli, as some are around 10,000 ribosomes.
The size of the ribosome varies depending on what sort of cell it is in, but its function remains the same.Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins. The ratio between the two components varies as prokaryotes are around 60% rRNA and 40% protein while eukaryotes can be an even split between the two.The ribosome acts as an assembly line and starts “reading” the mRNA, finds the corresponding tRNA and attaches the amino acid to a binding site. Then, it reads the next part of the mRNA and finds the corresponding tRNA and attaches the amino acid to the existing amino acid. This process continues until the entire tRNA has been read and an initial protein is formed.
The protein, still unfinished, is removed from the ribosome and sent to the cytoplasm, in prokaryotes, or the Golgi apparatus, in eukaryotes, to be finished. Once finished, they can begin their function.
The ribosome then begins another round of protein synthesis as it acquires another tRNA. This process continues and is regulated based on what proteins the cell needs and how much it needs of a particular protein.
This is the main reason why ribosomes are found in all living cells: everything needs proteins to function. It is also why they are very similar amongst the different cells.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Ribosomes have two main functions — decoding the message and the formation of peptide bonds. These two activities reside in two large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) of unequal size, the ribosomal subunits. Each subunit is made of one or more ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and many ribosomal proteins (r-proteins).