What is the importance of Panipat war in modern Indian history?
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Answer:
Panipat (pronunciation (help·info)), is a historic city in Haryana, India. It is 90 km north of Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. The three major battles fought near the city in 1526, 1556 and 1761 were all turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India as the "City of Weavers" and "Textile City". It is also known as the "cast-off capital" due to being "the global centre for recycling textiles".
Answer:
-Fought between: Maratha Empire and Durrani Empire (Afghanistan)
-People involved: Sadashivrao Bhau (Commander-in-chief of the Maratha -Army), Vishwasrao, Malharrao Holkar, Ahmad Shah Durrani (also called Ahmad Shah Abdali).
-When: 14th January 1761
-Where: Panipat (97 km north of Delhi) in modern day Haryana.
-Result: Victory for the Afghans.
-Durrani got support from the Rohillas of the Doab and Shuja-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Awadh.
-The Marathas failed to get support from the Rajputs, Jats or the Sikhs.
-The Maratha power was on the rise in the subcontinent after the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. They had under their control many regions in the Deccan and elsewhere that was previously under the Mughals. They also had Malwa, Rajputana and Gujarat under their control.
-In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani had established the Durrani Empire in Afghanistan. In 1747 he annexed Lahore. In subsequent years, he had taken control of Punjab and Sindh as well. Durrani’s son Timur Shah was the governor of Lahore.
-The Maratha Peshwa Bajirao was able to capture Lahore and drive out Timur Shah.
-During this time, the Maratha Empire stretched from the Indus in the north t-o the southern regions of India.
-Delhi was only nominally under the Mughals. Many people were alarmed at the rapid rise of the Hindu Marathas and they appealed to Durrani to stop the Marathas’ expansion.
-Ahmad Shah Durrani was able to gather support from the Afghan Rohillas of the Gangetic Doab.
-Shuja-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Awadh was solicited by both the Afghans and the Marathas for support, but he chose to ally with the Afghans.
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