Question

What is the indian standard for quality of treated drinking water?

Answer 1

This is a presentation which gives details of the permissible and desirable limits of various parameters in drinking water as per the BIS standard specifications for potable water.

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Arghyam has compiled a brief presentation which gives details of the permissible and desirable limits of various parameters in drinking water as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standard specifications for potable water (BIS-10500-1991). The BIS drinking water specification (IS 10500:1991) was drawn up in 1983 and its most recent revision dates back to July 2010 (Amendment No. 3). 

The standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards with the following objectives -

To assess the quality of water resources, and To check the effectiveness of water treatment and supply by the concerned authorities.

They apply to drinking water supplied by different Authorities/ Agencies/ Departments of State Governments and Central Government, wherever applicable in the country. They also apply to water supplied by Non Government or Private Agencies for human consumption in any place of the country. 

The various parameters covered include color, odour, pH, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, elemental compounds such as iron, manganese, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, zinc and coliform bacteria.

The standard categorises various characteristics as essential or desirable. It mentions the desirable limit and indicates its background so that the implementing authorities may exercise their discretion, keeping in view the health of the people, adequacy of treatment etc. All essential characteristics should be examined in routine. Besides, all desirable characteristics should be examined either when a doubt arises or the potability of water from a new source is to be established.

The standard has categorically made relaxation in the specification when no alternate resources are available and therefore, to enable the Water Supply Agencies to exercise their discretion a maximum permissible limit has also been given to certain parameters. 

In formulation of the standard for drinking water BIS has taken into consideration the following publications:

International Standards for Drinking Water issued by World Health Organization, 1984.Manual of Standards of Quality for Drinking Water Supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research 1971.Manual on Water Supply and Treatment (third revision) CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, 1989. 

The Central Water Commission has recently come up with a document to present the tolerance limits for inland surface waters for the various classes of water use. As per ISI-IS: 2296-1982, the tolerance limits of parameters are specified as per classified use of water depending on various uses of water. The following classifications have been adopted in India –

Class A: Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfectionClass B: Outdoor bathingClass C: Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.Class D: Fish culture and wild life propagationClass E: Irrigation, industrial cooling or controlled waste disposal
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Answer 2

International drinking water standards like WHO Drinking Water Standards, EPA Drinking Water Standards, Indian Drinking Water Standards BIS-10500 are set by Government Organisations. Shown below is a table of the Indian Water Quality Standards.
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