Question

what is the inportance of Khotan?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Khotan was the capital of an important ancient kingdom called Yutian, one of a handful of strong and more or less independent states who controlled travel and trade throughout the region for well over a thousand years.

Answer 2

The Kingdom of Khotan was an ancient Iranian Saka Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang, China). The ancient capital was originally sited to the west of modern-day Hotan (Chinese: 和田) at Yotkan (Chinese: 约特干; pinyin: Yuētègàn).[1][2] From the Han dynasty until at least the Tang dynasty it was known in Chinese as Yutian (Chinese: 于闐, 于窴, or 於闐). This largely Buddhist kingdom existed for over a thousand years until it was conquered by the Muslim Kara-Khanid Khanate in 1006, during the Islamicisation and Turkicisation of Xinjiang.

Kingdom of Khotan
于闐
56–1006
Kingdom of Khotan as of 1001 AD
Kingdom of Khotan as of 1001 AD
Capital
Hotan
Common languages
Gāndhārī language 3-4th century.[web 1]Khotanese, a dialect of the Saka language, in a variant of the Brāhmī script.[web 2]
Religion
Buddhism
Government
Monarchy
• c. 56
Yulin: Jianwu period (25–56 AD)
• 969
Nanzongchang (last)
History

• Khotan established
c. 300 BC
• Established
56
• Yarkant attacks and annexes Khotan. Yulin abdicates and becomes king of Ligui
56
• Tibet invades and conquers Khotan
670
• Khotan held by the Muslim, Yūsuf Qadr Khān
1006
• Disestablished
1006
Preceded by Succeeded by
Khotan
Kara-Khanid Khanate
Today part of
China
Tajikistan
Built on an oasis, Khotan's mulberry groves allowed the production and export of silk and carpets, in addition to the city's other major products such as its famous nephrite jade and pottery. Despite being a significant city on the silk road as well as a notable source of jade for ancient China, Khotan itself is relatively small – the circumference of the ancient city of Khotan at Yōtkan was about 2.5 to 3.2 km (1.5 to 2 miles). Much of the archaeological evidence of the ancient city of Khotan however had been obliterated due to centuries of treasure hunting by local people.[3]

The inhabitants of Khotan used Khotanese, an Eastern Iranian language, and Gandhari Prakrit, an Indo-Aryan language related to Sanskrit. There is debate as to how much Khotan's original inhabitants were ethnically and anthropologically South Asian and speakers of the Gāndhārī language versus the Saka, an Indo-European people of Iranian branch from the Eurasian Steppe. From the 3rd century onwards they also had a visible linguistic influence on the Gāndhārī language spoken at the royal court of Khotan. The Khotanese Saka language was also recognized as an official court language by the 10th century and used by the Khotanese rulers for administrative documentation.

Names