What is the lifecycle of liver fluke?
Answers
Answer:
• Following ingestion, the young flukes migrate to the liver, through which they tunnel, causing considerable tissue damage. The infection is patent about 10-12 weeks after the metacercariae are ingested. The whole cycle takes 18-20 weeks.
Explanation:
• Adult fluke lay eggs that are passed out onto pasture in the faeces. At suitable temperatures, a miracidium develops within the egg, hatches and migrates in thin films of moisture, actively seeking the snail host. Miracidia can only survive for a few hours outside the snail. Within the snail they undergo two further developmental stages, including multiplication, eventually becoming infective cercariae, which emerge from the snail when the temperature and moisture levels are suitable.
• Compared to other helminths, the lifecycle is complex and involves an intermediate host, the mud snail Galba (Lymnaea) truncatula and several free-living stages. The role of the snail, which prefers muddy, slightly acidic conditions, particularly areas associated with poor drainage, means the incidence of liver fluke is far greater in the wetter areas of the country and in years when there is high summer rainfall. With the capacity of the snail to multiply rapidly (100,000 offspring in three to four months) along with the multiplication of the parasite within the snail, there is potential for very large numbers of parasites.
• Liver fluke disease in sheep occurs in three main clinical forms – acute, subacute and chronic fasciolosis. Which form occurs depends on the numbers of infective metaceriae ingested and the period of time over which they are ingested. Recent milder winters and wetter summers have seen changes patterns in parasite epidemiology and reported disease with earlier seasonal reports of acute disease
Answer:
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