What is the limitation of Zeroth law of thermodynamics?
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Answer:
The zeroth law of thermodynamics essentially says what we mean by thermal equilibrium - and hence allows for the measurement of temperature.
That is, thermal equilibrium between two interacting objects is said to exist when the objects are at the same temperature.
(“Equilibrium” here simply means that no heat is transferred from one object to the other.)
The idea relates to thermometry in a couple of ways. If objects A and B are in thermal equilibrium and objects B and C are also in thermal equilibrium, then A and C are in thermal equilibrium as well.
That is called the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Object B in this example could be called a thermometer.
That is, if B is in contact with A and they are in equilibrium, they are at the same temperature. If B is then placed in contact with C and they are also in equilibrium without any heat transfer, then C must be at the same temperature as object A and they are said to be in thermal equilibrium even though they are not in contact.
But that also says that to make a temperature measurement, whatever device is used as a thermometer must be allowed to come into thermal equilibrium with what is being measured.
That is, it might take a moment for the thermometer to reach the same temperature as the object being measured.
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