Question

What is the magnetic effect of current

Answer 1

When current flows through a current carrying conductor, electrons i.e. charged particles are continuously accelerating, casing a magnetic field around it. If the conductor is a straight wire, the magnetic field is created as concentric circles with each point on the wire as center. Its magnetic field is directly propotional to the current flowing and inversely propotional to the distance from it. Its strength can be increased by turning it into circular loop. Less the radius of the loop, more the strength of the magnet. The strength can be increased by making more such loops, that is in a spring like shape. Such a current carrying coil of wire is called a solenoid. Its magnetic strength can be increased by incresing the current, increasing the number of turns, inserting a ferromagnetic meterial, preferably soft iron inside the coil. That is known as an electromagnet. It can also replace a bar magnet. If the ferromagnetic material is horseshoe shaped then it can also replace a horseshoe magnet. As the magnetic retentivity of the material inserted in the coil increases, the material will remain for more time as a permanent magnet even when the current is cut off. That is why a material with low retentivity such as soft iron is used and in that case it becomes a temporary magnet and loses its magnetic properties when the current is switched off.
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