What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?: A. DNA replicates during mitosis but does not during meiosis. B. During mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but they do not separate during meiosis. C. Mitosis makes genetically identical copies, meiosis does not. D. Mitosis increases chromosome numbers in each cell, while meiosis decreases it.
Answers
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A. DNA replicates during mitosis but does not during meiosis.
Answer:
In order for organisms to grow, cells have two options: they must either replicate themselves to create more cells, or the cells themselves must expand in volume. In humans, tissues such as the skin and blood contain cells that are actively dividing, whilst other tissues such as fat contain cells that expand (good if you need energy for winter, bad if you are trying to fit into some expensive jeans). Other cells, such as neurons, will never divide again once they are terminally differentiated; they are post-mitotic.
In the process of replicating themselves, cells have another choice: do they want to make an identical copy and be left with two cells? Or do they want to make four “half-copies”, in preparation for sexual reproduction, where their genetic content will be made whole again by the process of fertilisation? This choice is the choice between mitosis and meiosis.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis
This article will explore the characteristics of both kinds of cell division, shining a light on how they are similar and in which aspects they are crucially distinct. We will also explore the research into these processes and how cell division might go awry to cause disease states such as cancer and Down’s Syndrome.