What is the meaning of Lagrange according to chemistry ?
Answers
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Answer:
Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers is a method for finding the minimum or maximum value of a function subject to one or more constraints. A simple example serves to clarify the general problem.
Explanation:
▪Lagrange multiplier
A variable introduced to solve a problem involving constrained optimization. Suppose that the function f(x, y) has to be maximized by choice of x and y subject to the constraint that g(x, y) ≤ k. The solution can be found by constructing the Lagrangean function
L(x, y, λ) = f(x, y) + λ[k − g(x, y)]
where λ is the Lagrange multiplier. Let fx denote
∂f(x, y)/∂x,
etc. The optimal values of x, y, and λ solve the necessary conditions
Lx ≡ fx − λgx = 0, Ly ≡ fy − λgy = 0, λ[k − g(x, y)] = 0, and λ ≥ 0.
If the constraint is not binding, λ = 0 and the maximum occurs where fx = fy = 0. If the constraint is binding, λ > 0 and the optimum is found by solving the three equations Lx = 0, Ly = 0, and g(x, y) − k = 0. The Lagrange multiplier, λ, measures the increase in the objective function (f(x, y) that is obtained through a marginal relaxation in the constraint (an increase in k). For this reason, the Lagrange multiplier is often termed a shadow price. For example, if f(x, y) is a utility function, which is maximized subject to the constraint that total spending on x and y is less than or equal to income, k, then λ measures the marginal utility of income—the additional utility provided by one more unit of income.
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