What is the meaning of penetration effect
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Electron in s-orbital is closer to nucleus than electron in p-orbital and electron in p-orbital is closer to nucleus than electron in d-orbital and so on. So,more energy is requried to remove electron from s-orbital than electron in p-orbital in spite of both having same principal quantum number. Similarly, p orbital will require more energy than d-orbital. this is called penetrating effect.
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Penetration effect means the closeness of electrons in an orbital to the nucleus.
Explanation:
- In an atom, the electrons are distributed in different orbitals and they experience a force of attraction from the nucleus.
- The inner electrons are more attracted to the nucleus as compared to the outer electrons due to their closeness to the nucleus.
- The ability of an electron to get closer to the nucleus is called penetration and the effect is called penetration effect.
- In a multi-electron system, the penetrating power of an electron depends upon the value of shell and sub-shell.
- If the value of shell (n) is same, then the penetrating power of sub-shells is .
- If the values of both shell (n) and sub-shell (l) are different, then the penetrating power is given as:
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