Question

what is the meaning of "regulates acid base equilibrium"

Answer 1

Metabolic processes continually produce acid and, to a lesser degree, base. Hydrogen ion (H+) is especially reactive; it can attach to negatively charged proteins and, in high concentrations, alter their overall charge, configuration, and function. To maintain cellular function, the body has elaborate mechanisms that maintain blood H+ concentration within a narrow range—typically 37 to 43 nmol/L (pH 7.43 to 7.37, where pH =−log [H+]) and ideally 40 nmol/L (pH = 7.40). Disturbances of these mechanisms can have serious clinical consequences.

Acid-base equilibrium is closely tied to fluid metabolism and electrolyte balance, and disturbances in one of these systems often affect another.