What is the mitochondrial dna distribution from pakistan population and indian population?
Answers
It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types (mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) typically found in Central Asia, the West Asia and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago.[7] In India, the major maternal lineages are various M subclades, followed by R and U sublineages. These mitochondrial haplogroups' coalescence times have been approximated to date to 50,000 BP.[7]
Answer:
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia is the study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia. It aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history. The geographic position of South Asia makes its biodiversity important for the study of the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans across Asia.
Studies based on Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations have reported genetic unity across various South Asian sub–populations.[1][2][3][4] Conclusions of studies based on Y Chromosome variation and Autosomal DNA variation have been varied, although many researchers argue that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in South Asia. Recent genome studies appear to show that most South Asians are descendants of two major ancestral components, one restricted to South Asia (Ancestral South Indian, deriving from IVC-people and a native South Asian population possibly distantly related to the Andamanese) and the other component (Ancestral North Indian) derived from IVC-people and Steppe-people, making it more closely related to those in Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.[5][6][7] A 2016 study identified two more ancestral components in mainland India, denoted as AAA and ATB, that are major for the Austro-Asiatic-speaking tribals and the Tibeto-Burman speakers respectively. The study also infers that the populations of the Andaman Islands archipelago form a distinct ancestry, which "was found to be coancestral to Oceanic populations".[8] Genomic studies have described the genetic landscape of South Asia as a composite of West Eurasian and East Asian exogenous components that mixed with the indigenous South Asian groups to create modern-day South Asians.[9] The East Asian ancestry component detected in India is mainly restricted to specific populations in the Himalayan foothills and northeastern part of India.[10][11]
It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types (mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) typically found in Central Asia, the West Asia and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago.[12] In India, the major maternal lineages are various M subclades, followed by R and U sublineages. These mitochondrial haplogroups' coalescence times have been approximated to date to 50,000 BP.[12]
The major paternal lineages represented by Y chromosomes are haplogroups R1a1, R2, H, L and Haplogroup J2.[13] Some researchers have argued that Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is of autochthonous South Asian origin.[14][15] However, proposals for a Central Asian origin for R1a1 are also quite common.
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