what is the most recent development in geography?
Answers
Answer:
Quantitative Revolution:
The application of statistical and mathematical techniques, theorems and proofs in understanding geographical systems is known as the Quantitative Revolution in geography.
Statistical methods were first introduced into geography in the early 1950s. It was I. Burton who first published a research paper on Quantitative Revolution. The statistical methods were applied in geography for generating and testing hypothesis using empirical data.
After Second World War, there was confusion among geographers about the nature and social relevance of geography. The status of geography as a university discipline was also under discussion. Many scholars believed that geography is not a university subject and many departments of geography at various universities were closed. Continual threat of department closure led to the development of new ideas and research programmes. This resulted into the development of ‘spatial sciences school’ also called as Quantitative Revolution in geography.
The main objectives of Quantitative Revolution in geography were as follows:
Explanation:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
1. To explain and interpret the spatial patterns of geographical phenomena in a rational, objective and cogent manner.
2. To use mathematical language instead of the language of literature, like ‘Af’ in the Koppen’s classification of climate which stands for the ‘Tropical Rain forests’.
3. To make precise statements (generalizations) about locational order.
4. To test hypotheses and formulate models, theories and laws for estimations and predictions.
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Quantitative Revolution :
The quantitative revolution (QR) was a paradigm shift that sought to develop a more rigorous and systematic methodology for the discipline of geography. It came as a response to the inadequacy of regional geography to explain general spatial dynamics. The main claim for the quantitative revolution is that it led to a shift from a descriptive (idiographic) geography to an empirical law-making (nomothetic) geography. The quantitative revolution occurred during the 1950s and 1960s and marked a rapid change in the method behind geographical research, from regional geography into a spatial science.
In the history of geography, the quantitative revolution was one of the four major turning-points of modern geography – the other three being environmental determinism, regional geography and critical geography).
The quantitative revolution had occurred earlier in economics and psychology and contemporaneously in political science and other social sciences and to a lesser extent in history.