Question

What is the nomenclature of organic compounds?

Answer 1

Nomenclature refers to the process of naming the organic compounds. For doing it, you should know about all the functional groups, specially Br(for bromo), Cl(for chloro), OH(for alcohol), CHO(for aldehyde), and C=O(for ketone). You should also know the names respective to number of carbon atoms...eg C1 means Meth, C2 means Eth, C3 means Prop, C4 means But, C5 means Pent, C6 means Hex......etc.

For example, suppose a compound CH2Cl—CH2Br

The IUPAC name of the above compound is:
1Chloro2Bromo Ethane
Because there are two carbon atoms present, so ETH, and single bond present in the middle, so 'ANE,' not 'ene' or 'yne.'

Answer 2

Organic compound is a chemical compound containing hydogen and carbon atoms joined with single covalent bonds.

Nomenclature is the naming of these compounds .

The primary and secondary suffix play an important role in Nomenclature.

√ There are three components of an IUPAC name.

1 .root word

2. primary suffix

3. secondary suffix

The root word example meth , eth , but depends on the number of carbon atoms in the compound.

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Primary suffix

Depends upon the present of single,double or triple bonds

A one bonded compound is ended with -ane

A double bonded compound is ended with -ene

A triple bonded compound is ended with -yne

A single bonded organic compound is called alkane

Example : methane , ethane ,propane

A double bonded organic compound is called alkene

Example : ethene , propene [ methene does not exist can you guess why? ]

A triple bonded compound is called alkyne

Example : ethyne , propyne [ methyne does not exist ]

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Secondary suffix

This depends upon the presence of functional groups

Alcohols

They have OH group of atoms . The secondary suffix is -ol .

Examples :

CH 3 - OH  is called methanol

CH 3 - C H 2 - OH is called ethanol

Aldehydes

They have a double bond of O and another bond with H .Their secondary suffix is -al

Examples:-

H-CHO is called methanal

H 3 C - CHO is called ethanal

Note that all aldehydes begin from the compound.No aldehyde can be present in the middle of the compound.

Carboxylic acids

They have a double bond of O and another bond with OH .Their secondary suffix is -oic acid

Examples:-

CH 3 - COOH is called methanoic acid

CH3- CH 2 - COOH is called ethanoic acid

Note that all carboxylic acids begin from the compound.No acid can be present in the middle of the compound.

Ketones

Ketones have double bond O only .

This can only be present in the middle unlike aldehydes

Examples:

CH 3- O - CH -3 is propanone or 2-propanone

CH 3 - CO - C 2 H 5 is butanone 2 - butanone

Alkyl halides

Bromo contains Br atoms and Chloro contains Cl atoms

Examples :

CH 3 Cl is choro methane

CH 3 Br is bromo methane

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