What is the phosphodiester bond and how is it drawn?
Answers
Diagram of phosphodiester bonds (PO43−) between three nucleotides.
A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acidreact with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.[1]
Phosphodiester bonds are central to all life on Earth as they make up the backbone of the strands of nucleic acid. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate groupand two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds.
The phosphate groups in the phosphodiester bond are negatively charged. Because the phosphate groups have a pKa near 0, they are negatively charged at pH 7.[2] This repulsion forces the phosphates to take opposite sides of the DNA strands and is neutralized by proteins (histones), metal ions such as magnesium, and polyamines.
In order for the phosphodiester bond to be formed and the nucleotides to be joined, the tri-phosphate or di-phosphate forms of the nucleotide building blocks are broken apart to give off energy required to drive the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. When a single phosphate or two phosphates known as pyrophosphatesbreak away and catalyze the reaction, the phosphodiester bond is formed.[3]
