Chemistry, asked by malaysingharoy2620, 10 months ago

what is the principal of chromatography?

Answers

Answered by Aritra160816

Explanation:

Chromatography is based on the principle where molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable phase) is separating from each other while moving with the aid of a mobile phase

This method of separation is based on the fact that though two substances are dissolved in the same solvent but their solubilities can be different. The component which is more soluble in, rises faster and gets separated from the mixture.

Any one of the two function

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Answered by Anonymous

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ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ɪs ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ɪɴ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴇᴅ ᴏɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴏʀ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏʟɪᴅ, ᴀɴᴅ ғʟᴜɪᴅ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ (sᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ) ɪs sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴍᴏᴠɪɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɪᴅ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴍᴏʙɪʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ.

ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ɪs ᴀɴ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ʙɪᴏᴘʜʏsɪᴄᴀʟ ᴛᴇᴄʜɴɪϙᴜᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴇɴᴀʙʟᴇs ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴜʀɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs ᴏғ ᴀ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ ғᴏʀ ϙᴜᴀʟɪᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ϙᴜᴀɴᴛɪᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀɴᴀʟʏsɪs.
ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴜssɪᴀɴ ʙᴏᴛᴀɴɪsᴛ ᴍɪᴋʜᴀɪʟ ᴛsᴡᴇᴛᴛ ᴄᴏɪɴᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ɪɴ 1906.
ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ᴀɴᴀʟʏᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ᴡᴀs ᴅᴇsᴄʀɪʙᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴊᴀᴍᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴛɪɴ ɪɴ 1952, ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ɢᴀs ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴀʟʏsɪs ᴏғ ғᴀᴛᴛʏ ᴀᴄɪᴅ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇs.
ᴀ ᴡɪᴅᴇ ʀᴀɴɢᴇ ᴏғ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜɪᴄ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇᴅᴜʀᴇs ᴍᴀᴋᴇs ᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs ɪɴ sɪᴢᴇ, ʙɪɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴀғғɪɴɪᴛɪᴇs, ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀᴛɪᴇs ᴛᴏ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟs.
ɪᴛ ɪs ᴀ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀғᴜʟ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏᴏʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪs ᴜsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀʟʟ ʙʀᴀɴᴄʜᴇs ᴏғ sᴄɪᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɪs ᴏғᴛᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴs ᴏғ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇs.
ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ɪs ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ɪɴ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴇᴅ ᴏɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴏʀ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏʟɪᴅ, ᴀɴᴅ ғʟᴜɪᴅ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ (sᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ) ɪs sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴍᴏᴠɪɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɪᴅ ᴏғ ᴀ ᴍᴏʙɪʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ.
ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴏɴ ᴛʜɪs sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs ʀᴇʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅsᴏʀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ (ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ-sᴏʟɪᴅ), ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴛɪᴏɴ (ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ-sᴏʟɪᴅ), ᴀɴᴅ ᴀғғɪɴɪᴛʏ ᴏʀ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛs.
ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs, sᴏᴍᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ sᴛᴀʏ ʟᴏɴɢᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴍᴏᴠᴇ sʟᴏᴡʟʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀs ᴘᴀss ʀᴀᴘɪᴅʟʏ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏʙɪʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴇᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ғᴀsᴛᴇʀ.

ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs ᴛʜᴜs ғᴏʀᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀsɪs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ᴛᴇᴄʜɴɪϙᴜᴇ.

sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ:

ᴛʜɪs ᴘʜᴀsᴇ ɪs ᴀʟᴡᴀʏs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ ᴀ “sᴏʟɪᴅ” ᴘʜᴀsᴇ ᴏʀ “ᴀ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴀ ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ ᴀᴅsᴏʀʙᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ sᴏʟɪᴅ sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ”.
ᴍᴏʙɪʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ: ᴛʜɪs ᴘʜᴀsᴇ ɪs ᴀʟᴡᴀʏs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ “ʟɪϙᴜɪᴅ” ᴏʀ ᴀ “ɢᴀsᴇᴏᴜs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛ.”

sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs

ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴍᴏʙɪʟᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀsɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛ ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ.
sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀsɪs ᴏғ ᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅs ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs sɪᴢᴇ ᴀɴᴅ sʜᴀᴘᴇ, ᴛᴏᴛᴀʟ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇ, ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴘʜᴏʙɪᴄ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ʙɪɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴄᴀᴘᴀᴄɪᴛʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ.
ᴛʜɪs ʟᴇᴀᴅs ᴛᴏ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ᴛᴇᴄʜɴɪϙᴜᴇs, ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴏᴡɴ ɪɴsᴛʀᴜᴍᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴏʀᴋɪɴɢ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ.
ғᴏʀ ɪɴsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ, ғᴏᴜʀ sᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴇᴄʜɴɪϙᴜᴇs ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴜsᴇ ᴍᴇᴄʜᴀɴɪsᴍs ᴏғ ɪᴏɴ ᴇxᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇ, sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴀᴅsᴏʀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ sɪᴢᴇ ᴇxᴄʟᴜsɪᴏɴ.
ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ ᴛᴇᴄʜɴɪϙᴜᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ʙᴇᴅ, ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴ, ᴛʜɪɴ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴀᴛᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜʏ.....

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