Question

What is the principle of a capacitor ? Describe the construction of parallel plate capacitor and find an expression

for its capacitance. On what factors does the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depend ?​

Answer 1

Answer:

A capacitor is a device that is used to store charges in an electrical circuit. A capacitor works on the principle that the capacitance of a conductor increases appreciably when an earthed conductor is brought near it. Hence, a capacitor has two plates separated by a distance having equal and opposite charges.

Explanation:

Let the two plates are kept parallel to each other separated be a distance d and cross-sectional area of each plate is A.

Electric field by a single thin plate E′= σ/2ϵo

Total electric field between the plates E=σ/2ϵo+σ/

Or, E=σ/ϵo

Or, E= Q/Aϵ

Potential difference between the plates V=Ed

⟹ V= Qd/Aϵo

Capacitance C= Q/V

Thus we get capacitance of parallel plate capacitor C= Aϵo/d

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