what is the principle of fractional distillation how does different from simple distillation
Answers
Distillation :
The process of heating, evaporating a liquid and then condensing its vapour back to liquid is called distillation .
It is most commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids .
There are two main kinds of distillation :
★ Simple
★ Fractional
Difference between simple and fractional distillation :
Simple distillation : It is generally used for separating a liquid from a solution containing non volatile solute and to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids whose boiling points differ buy more than 25 degree Celsius .
Fractional distillation : It is used to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25 degree Celsius .
Principal of Fractional distillation :
Fractional distillation is essentially the same as simple distillation except that a fractionating column is placed between the boiling flask and the condenser .
A simple fractionating column is a long vertical tube filled with glass beads .
The glass beads provide large surface area for Hot vapour too cool and condense repeatedly.
The fractionating column provide different temperature zones inside it . The highest temperature being at the bottom and the lowest temperature near the top of the column.
Fractional distillation separates various liquids according to their boiling points, the most volatile component that is the liquid having the lowest boiling point distance over first followed by the liquid having the next lowest boiling point and so on .