Question

what is the principle of separating various components of air by fractional distillation​

Answer 1

It constitutes of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, etc. in different proportion. Since it is a homogeneous mixture, we need special separation techniques. Fractional distillation is the technique that is used for obtaining different components from the air.

Answer 2

The method of fractional distillation depends on the principal that different miscible liquids have different boiling points.

Hope it helps