Question

what is the principle of separation employed in the process of fractional distillation​

Answer 1

Normally, the vapour composition of any liquid mixture does not remain equal to the liquid composition. When the mixture is heated, the liquid with the lower boiling point boils and converts to vapours.

• The more volatile component remains in a vapour state longer than the liquid component. Repeated distillations and condensations are used in the process, and the mixture is usually separated into component parts.

• The more volatile components increase in a vapour state after heating, and when this vapour is liquefied, the more volatile components increase in a liquid state.
• Distillation refers to the process of vaporisation followed by condensation (liquefaction). When this distillation process is repeated, a more volatile component will remain in a pure state in the liquid state. By using the fractional distillation method, components of the liquid-liquid mixture can be separated as a pure substance.